We had the sis-in-law come over last weekend to practice on her new found hobby. What a difference it makes when using the budding skills of a photographer combined with some expensive professional equipment.
Anyways it sucked was kind of sad to see what is left of our old sampan. She was a good boat.
These days we depend on our farmhands to do most of the fruit picking for those much taller trees. Gone are the days when we were much more agile and lighter did it ourselves.
Ever so often we get a glimpse of this very shy forest animal either darting across the farm either in the very early mornings or at dusk. Coming across them feasting on fallen fruits is quite common at night only if you are very quiet and are patient enough to wait for them to appear.
I think we have 2 species that visit The Kebun, and the one pictured is the lesser mouse deer and the other yet to be photographed the greater mouse deer.
Royal Palm Turkey
The average life span for a intensive factory farmed domestic turkey is said to be around 2 to 6 years only. I doubt they would even reach 2 years as they should mature into slaughtering aged long before 1 year? Commercial flocks are bred to be abnormally large due to market demand genetic alteration, and are on purpose fed a diet laced with drugs and chemicals. These factors, along with the raising of turkeys in intensive system always results in health problems. Commercial turkeys can supposedly reach 8 to 12 kilos by the age of only 15 weeks, and hens can weigh over 13 kilos and toms over 18 kilos when they are fully grown.
Turkeys require clean, fresh water which must be available at all times. The use of a poultry fountain or automatic watering unit is recommended to avoid spillage and to keep water as clean and dry as possible. In our tropical warmer weather you must check water all through the day. Turkey feed can be purchased at farm supply stores in most western countries and unfortunately it is unavailable here in Sarawak and I dare say most of Malaysia. Premixed turkey feed generally contains antibiotics and animal by-products, and commercial turkey feed is designed to promote fast growth, which is very harmful to an animal that has already been bred to be abnormally large. Our recommendation is to purchase mixed grains available locally which is crushed corn and padi. You should also try and source for sunflower seeds which are an important source of calcium necessary for proper formation of eggshells. For hens during laying season, a calcium supplement should be added to the feed which is again not available locally here so we have been useing chicken feed which is formulated for egg layers. Turkeys generally self-regulate their food intake however, if you notice that your turkey is exceeding its normal weight, restrict the amount of feed per day. When your turkey is fully grown we recommend their food intake be restricted and more greens and roughage added, such as fresh vegetables or grass. Greens should supply up to 25% of the nutritional needs of your turkey. Turkeys also love fruit treats, but these should be given in very limited quantities, since they can add too much sugar to the diet.
Bourbon Red Turkey
Turkeys, particularly ones that have been debeaked, do not like to eat their food off the ground. Choose a container that is heavy enough to avoid tipping and small enough to prevent birds from walking or standing in their feed, as this can lead to contamination by feces.
Due to the excessive weight of turkeys, their legs can be easily damaged, and turkeys should never be picked up by their legs. To pick up a turkey, stand behind the turkey, fold your arms and upper body over the wings and back of the turkey, hug firmly, and lift. Handle firmly, but gently, to avoid injuring the turkey or yourself. If your turkey is struggling or seems very stressed, set it down for a moment and start again. It may help to cover the turkey’s head and eyes with your free hand, as this may quieten it down. Stay low to the ground when handling turkeys, as the legs are very vulnerable to ligament tearing or breaking from even a short fall.
Black Spanish Turkey
A shed makes a fine turkey home. A good size is 10′ x 20′ as this is high enough for you to be able to walk comfortably inside. The shelter must be waterproof, predator-proof and well ventilated. A wooden floor is best for cleaning purposes. Plenty of clean, dry grass or wood shavings should always be provided for bedding, and wet and soiled bedding should be removed on a daily basis. For protection from predators, don’t forget the 2 foot type too, turkeys must be kept safely in their shelter at night. The shelter should be equipped with a roost. A sturdy pole across makes a good roost for a turkey. Hens will also need a nesting box, which can be easily constructed of wood. Adult commercial turkeys cannot fly and are heavy and easily thrown off balance. It is vital that anything a turkey is using as a roost be low enough and sturdy enough to avoid leg injury when jumping up to roost or when coming down off the roost.
Fencing is necessary to keep predators out and turkeys in. Since most domestic turkeys are too heavy to fly, a four-foot fence will be adequate. If you are planning on constructing a fence, shop around for the best buy as prices and styles of fencing vary greatly. Do not use chicken wire alone as fencing as it is too flimsy and predators can easily break through it.
Turkey Poults
Every three to five weeks, turkeys should get a routine, individual health check and have some basic health care procedures done. These include checking the vent for any injury and parasites, cleaning the vent, if necessary, feeling the breast area for scabs or sores, checking the hocks for scabs or swelling; checking the bottom of the feet and toes for scabs and/or bumblefoot, looking at the head and watch for swelling and discharge around the eyes and nostrils, and clipping the toenails. As with all animals, sanitary housing, clean pasture, nutritious food, and plenty of sunshine will reduce health problems. During your daily contact with your feathered friends, always be on the lookout for any physical or behavioral changes. In particular, watch for diarrhea, listlessness, pale coloring, fluffed feathers, loss of appetite, and coughing. If you notice any of these symptoms, consult with your veterinarian. In large flocks, turkeys tend to have a low disease tolerance, and health problems are greatly reduced in smaller flocks. It can be difficult to find a veterinarian who is willing to treat turkeys, but they do exist.
Turkey bumblefoot is different than bumblefoot in chickens. Turkeys suffer from abscesses on the footpads that resemble corns. The infection usually follows an injury to the footpad and there may or may not be pus present. If there is pus, it should be cultured to determine the bacteria involved and the antibiotic treatment required. Some cases of bumblefoot are mild and can be treated with wraps alone. There are many methods to treat bumblefoot, depending on the severity.
Coccidiosis is a protozoan parasite. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea and listlessness. Keeping the bedding clean and dry will help control this disease, as wet bedding is one of the predisposing factors. Many treatments are available and can be added to water to treat a whole flock, or given to individual birds. If you suspect your turkey has coccidia, have a fecal test done for this, and consult your veterinarian for the best treatment according to the size of your flock.
A fecal test should be done every three months to check for internal parasites in your flock. Worming medication can be purchased at farm supply stores in easy-to-use formulas that are added to water, or in an injectable form, depending on the type of parasite involved. Your vet can prescribe the proper medication necessary. If you are bringing new birds into your flock, it is important to isolate them from your birds until you have established that they do not carry parasites, since they are easily spread through the fecal matter.
Lice can generally be controlled by providing your turkeys with an area of dirt for “dust baths” (throwing dirt on themselves). Mites are usually small black or red dots. Older birds, birds who have a compromised immune system due to illness, and birds from unclean environments are more susceptible to both lice and mites, and all should be checked regularly. Mites and lice tend to congregate near the vent of the turkey, and if properly treated, can be eliminated. The best method, of course, is prevention; keep bedding dry and clean, and remove straw from nesting areas daily. Sprays and dusts are available at most veterinarians, and the use of injectable Ivomec also controls these parasites.
Turkeys will molt on an annual basis, generally during the spring or fall season. During their molting period, the birds may lose a large portion of their feathers. This is a natural process, which lasts between four to ten weeks. If your turkey is losing feathers during a non-molting period, consult your veterinarian.
Heat exhaustion is common in turkeys; watch them closely in hot weather. Signs of heat exhaustion include excessive panting, open mouth breathing, drooping, dark colored head, and collapse. At first sign of heat exhaustion, get the turkey inside immediately and put a fan on low, as birds can go into shock and die quickly. Mist the turkey lightly with cool water . Keep your bird quiet and calm and do not handle any more than necessary.
Upper respiratory infections are usually indicated by the presence of nasal discharge, audible respiration (gurgling), lethargic behavior, and loss of appetite. Also, the sinus area directly under the eyes can become swollen. If you notice any of these symptoms, consult with your veterinarian. Antibiotics are usually required, and many are designed to go into the drinking water, if whole flock treatments are necessary.
Hens that are egg bound have difficulty laying their eggs. Symptoms include constant squatting, straining, panting, and other signs of distress and discomfort. This condition should be deemed an emergency, and turkeys with these symptoms should be treated immediately by a veterinarian. Calcium gluconate injections may be needed. Always be sure to remove eggs daily, and make sure your turkeys continue to eat and drink when they are nesting.
Histomoniasis, or more well known as blackhead is an organism lives in the digestive tract of a small roundworm, and infected birds pass it in their droppings. Other birds can contract the disease from the droppings or from earthworms that feed on the droppings. It is best to keep a close eye out for this, as well as keep your turkeys (and all animals) on a regular worming schedule. Turkeys affected with Blackhead will be droopy and their droppings will be yellow. If any symptoms arise, contact your veterinarian immediately. This is a lethal disease, but if caught in time, it can be treated.
Crop impaction occurs when large amounts of fibrous material such as grass or straw are ingested. The material forms a ball in the crop and will not allow food to pass through the remainder of the digestive tract. The crop often looks pendulous, but many times it is not obvious by sight alone. Turkeys who are impacted may survive for days, but gradually they will become emaciated and can die of malnutrition. Early detection is possible by feeling the crop of any bird who seems sick or stops eating. Often, if caught in time, it can be corrected surgically.
Signs of splaying are decreased activity or reluctance to move, slipping while walking, and/or flapping wings while struggling to walk. Splaying can be caused by obesity and can lead to many secondary problems, such as feet and hock sores, wing bruises, prolapsing caused by the strain of trying to move, damaged tendons, and even cardiac arrest. The best treatment is prevention. However, if splaying is already occurring, it is not too late. Isolate your turkeys and restrict their diet, and increase activity levels if possible. If any wear appears on the feet or hocks, wrap them for protection with soft gauze and vet wrap.
By the way an adult turkey’s normal body temperature is 107.5° F, with young turkeys ranging between 102° F to 106° F.
And a Merry Christmas & Happy New Year to ALL Living Beings!
Last Saturday night was spent in my bungalow after having a barbeque. We had Rambutans for dessert and i had a really bad tummy ache paid the price for stuffing myself too much of it. But what can you do when it taste so yummy,A? is in season and all around you at the farm?
Goats relish Neem leaves. We try to feed them with these normally using lopped off branches when trimming as and when we can afford to and we only have a single mature tree. There are some younger saplings but these are just too young to justify the quantity of leaves we would like to have available.
The use of Neem in veterinary medicine in India dates back to the times of the epic Mahabharata (300 B.C). According to scholars, two of the five Pandava brothers Nakul and Sahadev, who practiced veterinary medicine, used Neem to treat ailing and wounded horses and elephants by applying poultices prepared from Neem leaves and Neem oil for healing the wounds etc., during the battle of Mahabharata. Ancient Sanskrit literature indicates Neem applications as feed and in a large number of prescriptions and formulations to provide health cover to livestock in various forms. Various Neem preparations were standardized in the form of oils, liniments, powders and liquids. Ayurvedic scholars recommend the use of Neem oil as antipyretic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, analgestic, antihistaminic, anthelmintic and as an acaricide.
Neem has been traditionally used against various livestock insects such as maggots, hornflies, blow-flies and biting flies. Neem is also useful for controlling some bacteria of veterinary importance and against intestinal worms in animals. Patnaik, (1993) highlights the livestock friendly medicinal role of neem in the following: a??the tree (neem) is revered by Indian herdsmen as a gentle but effective veterinary poultice, a virtue confirmed by the 16th century Portuguese botanist and traveler, Garcia de Orta in his a??Coloquiosa??.
Neem trees grow slowly during their first year, but they reach maturity fast. You can expect to harvest your first neem fruit after three to five years. It takes about ten years for a neem tree to get to full production. After that it will produce 30 to 50 kg of fruit a year. A neem tree can be expected to live much more longer that any of us can ever hope for 150 to 200 years.
Sometimes when there is nothing because you were just too busy or lazy to eat there is always the herb garden to raid. One favorite is the Ulam Raja, eaten raw with some belacan , a couple of chillies and some salted fish not forgetting the hot rice. Eat the leaves mind you, not the tasteless flowers which don’t taste that great.
Buah Tarap (pronounced is Sarawak as Buah Terap) season is here. This is one of the most delicious of all the tropical fruits and is also a beautiful exotic tree. It has lobed leaves, as large as 2-4 foot long and 1 foot broad, similar to the Breadfruit’s, but a little less lobed. In a wild, it is found extensively in Brunei Darussalam and parts of Sabah and Sarawak and of course right here at The Kebun.
The fruit does not fall to the ground when ripe, only when it is over ripe and rotting. It may be harvested while still hard, and left to ripen until soft. The ripe fruit is opened by cutting the rind around or just twisting and gently pulling the halves complete the operation. The inside of the fruit is somewhat similar to the Jackfruit but the color is whitish. The core is relatively large, but there are fewer “rags” and less non-edible parts. Arils are white and the size of a small grape, each containing a 1/2″ seed. Once opened, the fruit should be consumed quickly (in a few hours), as it loses flavor rapidly and fruit oxidizes.
To open the fruit, just press your thumb into the soft skin and pry the pieces away and youa??ll be greeted by a nicely arranged array of white sacs that looks like pale miniature Cempedaks. They will be wrapped in yellow tendrils extending from the husk and stuck to the main stem of the fruit found in the center. To eat, just twist the fruit and pop it into your mouth and the center of the fruit consists of a single oval shape brown seed. A single Tarap can hold as much as 150 to 200 little sacs within but the size of the fruits will vary from tree to tree.
Excuse me while I go open and enjoy another Buah Tarap.
After all this time of enduring the rough track to the farm we finally had the road tar sealed!
We drove over the road right after it was completed and smiled like idiots the whole evening.
